Rape Culture Essay

In the United States, assault has gotten one of the most underreported wrongdoings every year (Å"Reporting Rape  1). The term assault culture alludes to how our general public has shown ladies how not to be assaulted as opposed to showing men not to assault. Through jokes and the sexualization of ladies we are bound to accept assault is certifiably not a major emergency in our country. Assault culture prompts the acknowledgment of assault as a characteristic event through pictures that externalize ladies, media, and the disparagement of assault casualties. In our way of life we are made to accept that casualties ought to be accused for their own maltreatment as indicated by their perspective or what they were wearing at that point. Assault culture has become such a significant piece of own lives that we dont know its in any event, occurring. In todays society, ladies have become such a Å"sex  object from the media, motion pictures, and promotion, or even jokes. Through pictures that dehumanize ladies, they transform them into objects, prompting the expansion of viciousness towards ladies. In a Stop Violence Against Women occasion understudies face the issue face on and stated: When the media generalizes ladies, it likewise makes an undifferentiated from meaning of manliness. She included that the media forces these cultural jobs, making individuals disregard complex human characters and personalities (Turmam 1). The over-sexualization of ladies in todays media gives ladies an inappropriate expectations. At one-edge ladies consider sex to be a need to be in todays Å"norms  yet not to put themselves out enough to be explicitly attacked. The word Å"slut  has mistreated ladies by instructing them to dress a specific way, where to go or not go, who to converse with and who not to converse with. Å"Slut  disgracing is a demonstration of disgracing an individual dependent on the amount they parade their sexuality. Messing with the word too can have terrible outcomes on how assault will be supported. Ladies who show an excessive amount of skin or dress provocative are marked as Å"sluts  and are tormented just as taken a gander at with less regard. Ladies ought to have the option to wear whatever decision of garments they need, go out where they need and not be in consistent dread of assault. We are living in a culture where survivors are hesitant to make some noise (Kacmarek 2). Most ladies are anxious about the possibility that that by shouting out they are putting themselves out to be judged. Individuals around us judge an individual who has been assaulted not on the circumstances however by the sort of apparel they w ere wearing, saying that they have Å"lost their self-respect  which implies they may have brought it upon themselves. Exploration has discovered that an expansion in misogynist jokes can have a negative result for assault casualties (Viki 1). By making a general public that looks down on the individuals who show their sexuality, it makes dread when ladies are explicitly ambushed. This likewise causes men to accept that it is Å"okay  to go onto ladies. No one yet the attacker ought to be accused for the maltreatment that occurred. Nobody ever requests to get assaulted, in any circumstance. Jessica Valenti goes up against the issue of Å"no implies no : Until American culture and law outlines sexual assent, as proactively, excitedly given, there will be no equity for assault casualties. Its time for the U.S to lose the Å"no implies no  model for understanding rape and concentrate Å"only yes implies yes  rather (Broderick 3) America has seen assent is such a free way. Many overlook that Å" no  doesn't mean Å"convince me.  A study uncovers that numerous individuals between the ages of 14-25 don't really find out about assent in obligatory sex-instruction classes (Broderick 2). An assent sex doesn't mean there wasnt a no, yet rather that the yes was not constrained upon by persuading or antagonistic circumstance where they have an inclination that they were f orced to state yes. Likewise that being when individuals are impaired or even oblivious, in light of the fact that they didnt state no doesn't imply that it gives the appropriate for an individual to engage in sexual relations with him. Two individuals consenting is a need with regards to sex. Numerous individuals don't know about how startling the insights including rape is. The wrongdoing of assault is at an alarmingly high rate because of the way that Å"slut -disgracing and casualty disgracing, many are hesitant to make some noise about assault. Consistently there is 237,868 individuals explicitly attacked (Å"Statistics  1) Only 40% of assaults really answered to the police (Å"Reporting Rates  1) That implies that 60% are too reluctant to even think about reporting a rape and numerous attacker escaping for what they have done and perhaps doing it once more. Out of the 40% of assaults that are really detailed 3% of attacker will ever go through a day in jail (Å"Reporting Rates  1). There is no equity for ladies in the United States who are being assaulted. Angie Epifano states how assault is by one way or another need to more Å"legitimate  contrasted with different wrongdoings: If you were robbed in New York City individuals would be stunned. Nobody will stay there and state ËœAre you sure you were robbed? With rape there is consistently this inquiry of ËœAre you sure? ËœWhat were you wearing?(Kacmarek 2) Men assault regularly in light of the fact that they realize they can pull off it. Our way of life has gotten so associated with slamming others on the most proficient method to dress or the proper behavior we have overlooked that it isn't the casualties shortcoming, yet that individuals assault since they are attackers. Something else that the vast majority overlook is that assaults don't occur by irregular outsiders. Most assaults occur by the individuals we know, companions or family. We are anxious about the possibility that that to confront the way that the assault isn't just dedicated by insidious maniacs however rather by the individuals who we gaze upward to or the individuals who weve became more acquainted with the best (Broderick 1). About â… of assaults are submitted by somebody the casualty knows (Å"Statistics  1). Some of best models how assault culture has produced such colossal results in the United States is in the media. Attackers are made to look like casualties in todays society. A culture where its accepted that Å"boys will be boys,  where men can't control themselves on the off chance that they see ladies in uncovering dress. In the media, assault culture has influenced the manner in which assault cases are taken a gander at. The predisposition sentiments in transit news inclusion takes a gander at the assaults have been negatively affecting the watchers. A prime case of this is found in the assault case in Steubenville, Ohio. The preliminary was against two youngsters, Trent Mays and Malik Richmond, both in secondary school. These two young men assaulted an oblivious young lady who was profoundly inebriated. They alluded to this youthful multi year old as the Å"dead girl,  yet in preliminary denied realizing that they were assaulting her since it Å"wasnt violent (Plank 1). An indiv idual who is oblivious can't assent any sort of infiltration. Because there isnt a no, doesn't imply that implies that is the thing that the young lady needs. Quietness isn't assent. Assault is normally not savage or constrained. The two young men kept on peeing on her, live-text, and spread exposed photos of the person in question (Plank 1). During this many looked as the young lady was being assaulted, most snickered and accepting pictures as this was occurring. This assault preliminary is being excused in light of the fact that she was not saying Å"no  during this. Assault expression of remorse in the media was unmistakably demonstrated when CNN, secured and reacted the assault preliminary. At last a preliminary where the attackers were sent to prison the manner in which the journalist excused the assault and rather defrauded the attacker. Poppy Harlow proceeded to talk about on how profoundly sorry she was for this attacker: Ive never experienced anything like it Candy. It was staggeringly troublesome in any event, for an untouchable like me to look as these two youngsters that had a lot of promising future, star football players, excellent understudies actually watch as they accepted their lives self-destructed (Plank 1). Here she causes the attacker to appear as though a casualty when he was the one that settled on the choice to assault and hurt another individual. Indeed, even one of the most delightful folks can assault. Nobody however the attacker ought to be accused for brutality they caused on the others. Regardless of what the young lady was wearing or how her perspective was, nobody yet the attacker ought to be accused. Å"As long as we freely identify with attacker, we are commending them. Attacker merit no conciliatory sentiment, assault casualties do  (Plank 2) Thusly, there is convincing proof that assault culture is predominant in the United States. Our way of life has desensitized and limited awful encounters for its casualties. Ladies are being dehumanized in view of they are externalized and over-sexualized. Casualty accusing has become such a standard in our general public we overlook that nobody however an attacker ought to be accused for what they have done. Statics show how there isn't equity for ladies, when men are not being taken care of for their wrongdoing. Socially people are taking inclination sides as a result of misogynist ways that the casualty is by one way or another answerable for being assaulted.

Literature Review for Software Defined Networks -myassignmenthelp

Question: Talk about theLiterature Review for Software Defined Networks. Answer: Presentation SDN is a system design that empowers the system to work shrewdly and midway modified utilizing a product application called the controller. This engineering empowers the individuals to deal with their system comprehensively without disapproving of the basic innovation. There is a great deal of contending powers for enterprises[1], specialist co-ops just as transporters because of the fast development in sight and sound substance and distributed computing blast, utilization of portable innovations and the business strain to improve administrations while diminishing the expenses. These requests unleash destruction to organizations that utilization customary business models[2]. To ensure they stay in business while giving the best administrations to their customers, the organizations are going to SDN. At present SDN has confronted some security issues identified with the engineering. These are examined underneath. As of late numerous scientists have thought of realities about SDDN and some security issues have been recognized. There numerous security dangers presented by this system engineering however underneath are some of them Security Problems in SDN Because of its concentrated structure, the SDN innovation is seen as simple to assault since it represents a solitary purpose of assault. This worry can to explain adaptation to non-critical failure just as versatility viewpoints. The controller contains the system picture just as the entire system intelligence[3] Weakness of the south bound interface between the controller and the information sending gadgets to dangers that can influence the accessibility, trustworthiness just as the exhibition of the system. The strategy for encryption utilized in Open Flow for correspondence between the controller and its switches is discretionary and a large portion of the controllers utilized don't utilize it. This is subsequently a security worry that should be tended to. The way that numerous engineers ought to settle on their own encryption technique represents a great deal of dangers that should be tended to in the following versions[4] The upper level applications can flawless straightforwardly with the controller. This is a security concern in light of the fact that these applications can be utilized either purposefully or inadvertently to bargain the controller or even the controller modules. In this way there ought to be another convention utilized nearby the open stream to guarantee the interchanges between the upper level applications and the controller are secured so that they can't uncover the controller. Refusal of administration assaults and flooding that can happen to the system when with certain streams originating from new sources that can make the traffic to be sent to the controller to choose which stream is causing the assault. Another security concern or issue is the center man assaults likewise called data spill issue particularly as the controller sends control messages to OpenFow switches remotely. On the off chance that this transmission is undermined by any opportunity, controller or authentic hosts can be imitated which may prompt genuine data leakage[5]. Security Opportunities Aside from the security issues, SDN likewise represents some security openings as per the exploration. These open doors are talked about beneath. SDN can manage controls distinctively when contrasted with the customary security controls. For instance it can construct a security administration that is tweaked on request. This implies the security administration can be utilized to various customers in an unexpected way. Because of the utilization of streams to in SDN when contrasted with the IP the board. This implies SDN can along these lines tackle safety efforts that give increasingly explicit. The new open stream interface have up to 40 distinct characteristics. The ascribes are then identified with a definite system. The examination likewise shows that different innovations for security control should be returned to utilizing SDN[5] as the structure to realize the progressions required and how they can make ideal utilization of SDN. More insider center around SDN security. This is on the grounds that an insider can eagerly or reluctantly have more force and knowledge for open stream organizes when contrasted with conventional system advancements. This benefit can work contrarily or emphatically towards the hidden system. Noxious Application Proposed Solution Because of the numerous applications that interface with the SDN a few applications may be utilized malevolently to get to the controller[6] modules or even control the whole system structure. , likewise the applications with bugs in their code can make the system defenseless against aggressors. Consequently the SDN innovation should utilize FortNOX. To make it increasingly secure. Fortnox is utilized to check floe governs in the system just as control them over the imparting gadgets. This instrument will screen every new stream radiating from various security applications End Programming characterized organizing is a field of systems administration that centers significantly around the partition of information planes and control. The innovation is advancing quickly. The contrast between the typical switches and the product characterized switches is that, the SDN switches have stream tables that are controlled remotely by a different application called the controller. The innovation isn't new, it resembles a progression based on other great practices. This paper analyzes and gets information from different sources by directing a writing audit to know the present patterns, the difficulties and open doors just as future extent of SDN List of sources [1] S. N. S. . S. S. Scott-Hayward, A Survey of Security in Software Defined Networks, IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials, pp. 1-34, 2017. [2] R. Horvath, D. Nedbal and M. Stieninger, A Literature Review on Challenges and Effects of Software Defined Networking, Science Direct, vol. 64, pp. 552-561, 2015. [3] I. Alsmadi, M. Akour and I. Alazzam, A Systematic Literature Review on Software-Defined Networking, Resarchate, October 2017. [4] M. I. F. M. V. R. M. I. P. V. F. I. Diego Kreutz, Programming Defined Networking:A Comprehensive Survey, 8 October 2014. [5] W. You, K. Qian, X. He and Y. Qian, OpenFlow Security Threat Detection and Defense Services, Int. J. Progressed Networking and Applications , vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 2347-2351, 2014. [6] J. Spooner, A Review of Solutions for SDN-Exclusive Security, (IJACSA) International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, vol. 7 , no. 8, 2016.

Changes - UGA Undergraduate Admissions

Changes - UGA Undergraduate Admissions Changes Changes. They happen all the time in all areas of life. David Bowie even has a song about it. It is a fact of life, an Admissions Offices are no different. Every year we look at what has happened over the past year, what has worked and what needs fine tuning and what we need to change for the future. For this coming year, we have been looking at our review process for our freshman admission decisions and as well our transfer admission process. The transfer review process is still being discussed by both our office and the faculty, while the freshman review process changes will impact our incoming EA and RD applications for the 2019 year. Over the past several years, our applicant pool has grown much stronger, both in the academic and co-curricular areas. In addition, our applicant pool has grown in size, with the expectation that we might have close to 30,000 freshman applicants this year. As the applicant pools academic data-points have grown, we have started to see a much larger group of students who are very similar in their academic profiles. In order to make more informed decisions during our admission reviews and have a positive impact on our incoming freshman class, we have decided to increase the number of files we look at in our holistic review process (looking at everything in the file). While we will still have a number of applications where we focus primarily on the academic areas of core grades, rigor of curriculum and test scores, our goal is to expand our review of a larger group of applicants to take into account all that the student does inside and outside of of the classroom. This will not change the timing of our decisions (unless we are suddenly overwhelmed with a huge growth in our applicant pool), so you can look back at our previous timelines over the past years and know we will be following those three decision timelines fairly closely. The biggest admissions points where this change might be seen will be in our November Early Action decisions and in our small group of February admits, where in past years our review has been primarily based on academics. While we have always had a small group of EA applications where we looked at everything in the file, mainly to determine if a students application should be deferred or denied, we will now be increasing this holistic review process into a much greater number of applicants for these decisions. We will still have a number of decisions during these times where our review is focused on the the core academic areas, especially in our EA round where a large number of applicants have extremely strong academic records. Since we try to make our process as clear as possible, we have been communicating this message in our fall travel and now in this blog post so that our applicants and families will feel more informed about our process. Hopefully, this message clears up any questions you might have about our review process, and it will help slow down the comments on the blog asking if X or Y really needs to be submitted since we are just looking at academics. Go Dawgs, and good luck out there!

Changes - UGA Undergraduate Admissions

Changes - UGA Undergraduate Admissions Changes Changes. They happen all the time in all areas of life. David Bowie even has a song about it. It is a fact of life, an Admissions Offices are no different. Every year we look at what has happened over the past year, what has worked and what needs fine tuning and what we need to change for the future. For this coming year, we have been looking at our review process for our freshman admission decisions and as well our transfer admission process. The transfer review process is still being discussed by both our office and the faculty, while the freshman review process changes will impact our incoming EA and RD applications for the 2019 year. Over the past several years, our applicant pool has grown much stronger, both in the academic and co-curricular areas. In addition, our applicant pool has grown in size, with the expectation that we might have close to 30,000 freshman applicants this year. As the applicant pools academic data-points have grown, we have started to see a much larger group of students who are very similar in their academic profiles. In order to make more informed decisions during our admission reviews and have a positive impact on our incoming freshman class, we have decided to increase the number of files we look at in our holistic review process (looking at everything in the file). While we will still have a number of applications where we focus primarily on the academic areas of core grades, rigor of curriculum and test scores, our goal is to expand our review of a larger group of applicants to take into account all that the student does inside and outside of of the classroom. This will not change the timing of our decisions (unless we are suddenly overwhelmed with a huge growth in our applicant pool), so you can look back at our previous timelines over the past years and know we will be following those three decision timelines fairly closely. The biggest admissions points where this change might be seen will be in our November Early Action decisions and in our small group of February admits, where in past years our review has been primarily based on academics. While we have always had a small group of EA applications where we looked at everything in the file, mainly to determine if a students application should be deferred or denied, we will now be increasing this holistic review process into a much greater number of applicants for these decisions. We will still have a number of decisions during these times where our review is focused on the the core academic areas, especially in our EA round where a large number of applicants have extremely strong academic records. Since we try to make our process as clear as possible, we have been communicating this message in our fall travel and now in this blog post so that our applicants and families will feel more informed about our process. Hopefully, this message clears up any questions you might have about our review process, and it will help slow down the comments on the blog asking if X or Y really needs to be submitted since we are just looking at academics. Go Dawgs, and good luck out there!

Heat Capacity Worked Example Problem

Heat capacity is the amount of heat energy required to change the temperature of a substance. This example problem demonstrates how to calculate heat capacity. Problem: Heat Capacity of Water From Freezing to Boiling Point What is the heat in joules required to raise the temperature of 25 grams of water from 0 degrees C to 100 degrees C? What is the heat in calories? Useful information: specific heat of water 4.18 J/g ·Ã‚ °CSolution: Part I Use the formula q mcΔTwhereq   heat energym massc specific heatΔT change in temperatureq (25 g)x(4.18 J/g ·Ã‚ °C)[(100 C - 0 C)]q (25 g)x(4.18 J/g ·Ã‚ °C)x(100 C)q 10450 JPart II4.18 J 1 caloriex calories 10450 J x (1 cal/4.18 J)x calories 10450/4.18 caloriesx calories 2500 caloriesAnswer:10450 J or 2500 calories of heat energy are required to raise the temperature of 25 grams of water from 0 degrees C to 100 degrees C. Tips for Success The most common mistake people make with this calculation is using incorrect units. Make certain temperatures are in Celsius. Convert kilograms to grams.Be mindful of significant figures, particularly when working problems for homework or an exam.

Black Locust Is a Common Tree in North America

There Are Many Common Misconceptions About Homelessness.

There are many common misconceptions about homelessness. Ideally, it is only problematic in poor third world countries; this is false. Homelessness is a giant problem in every corner of the world. Homelessness tends to be associated with people who sleep in the streets, parks, subways, and sidewalks. Although homelessness happened a long time ago it is still present today. There are many causes for one to be homeless, such as; economy crisis, having a mental illness, drug/alcohol addiction, no job, limit housing, low income. Homeless people face an intense struggle just to stay alive. Some laws that the government has to establish makes it illegal for them to survive and some make it’s so they can have an education. Some communities†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"If kids don’t have supplies, they won’t have the tools to succeed and they won’t go to school because of the shame† (Armstrong, 2011, p. 33). For many years, in New York City an or ganization name Operation Backpack has helped many school-aged children get school supplies. Homelessness has a huge impact on school-aged children education. Schooling for homeless children is often interrupted and delayed, repeat a grade. Studies have shown that children who live in poverty have lower test scores than those who do not (Masten, Fiat, Labelle, Stark, 2015, p. 317).The school systems define homeless as the lack of a fixed, regular and inadequate nighttime residence. In 2012-13 the Department of Education documented well over 1.2 million homeless school-aged children (Wertheim Rodriguez, p. 3). Students’ grades in school are directly proportional to attendances. Researchers used an accelerated longitudinal design to combine all of the data into growth curves spanning third to eighth grade in reading and mathematics (Masten, Fiat, Labelle, Stark, 2015, p. 319). They tested students who were homeless and non-homeless. They tracked their results from grade three to grade eight. Homeless children face many obstacles that can affect their schooling such as; frequently tardiness and absences, hunger, low hygiene, little to no sleep, not completing homework/assignments, counseling issues. But they are expected to push that to the back ofShow MoreRelatedHomelessness Is A Whole Spectrum1453 Words   |  6 Pagespeople out of every 1000 people experience homelessness (National Alliance to End Homelessness). In 2014, statistics have revealed that on any given night, almost half a million people experienced homelessness. Many people have a misconception that homelessness simply means living on the street. The United States Department of Housing and Urban Development suggests homelessness is a whole spectrum. According to the HUD, people experiencing homelessness are people who don’t have a fixed and regularRead MoreHomelessness And The Homeless Youth1442 Words   |  6 Pages Homelessness is a major problem in the United States. An incredibly vulnerable gro up is the homeless youth due to their young age and lack of education. According to Edidin, Ganim, Hunter, Karnik (2012) on any particular night in the United States there are ~2 million homeless youth living on the streets, in shelters, or in other temporary accommodation. Youth become homeless for multiple reasons whether it be because they have aged out of foster care, ran from home, were kicked out of their homeRead MorePoverty, Hunger, And Homelessness971 Words   |  4 PagesPoverty, hunger, and homelessness in America are much more common despite being the wealthiest nation in the world. Poverty is well-defined as having inadequate income to provide the food, shelter and clothing needed to preserve good health. 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(National Alliance on Mental Illness) People in dire need of help are not seeking it. Mental illnesses are going undiagnosed. The mental health stigma is having a negative impact on the proper diagnosis and treatment of mental illnesses. A stigma can simply be defined as a mark of disgraceRead MoreHomeless People And The Homeless Essay1970 Words   |  8 PagesThink about what it is like, not knowing where you will end up sleeping tonight, or when your next meal or shower is going to be, according to the National Alliance to End Homelessness there were about 600,000 homeless people in America in January of 2015. This paper will hopefully spread insight on homelessness as a whole. There are many misconceptions about homeless people and many facts that people do not realize about homeless people. These facts should be brought to attention in order to helpRead MoreThe Black Collar Class Of The United States1440 Words   |  6 Pagesvirtues of capitalism have been skewed and broken from the true core values in American society. The perspective that in a capitalistic society you must work your way to the top has been lost, due to the astounding wage gap and high price for education. Many people don’t have a ch ance to work their way to the top due to social boundaries that are standing in their way. The core American dream has been lost due to the neglect of the blue-collar class of people and the empowerment of the citizens who are

Pornification of culture free essay sample

In a world where amazing technology has change our way of life, the issue of pornification of culture has become a common phenomenon among people in all over the world especially among youth. This issue has become serious when there are lots of social illnesses that occur among teenagers nowadays. The integration of the Internet along with sophisticated gadget that seems to become enhanced day by day in which we ourselves could not imagine of how superior it is in the future has changed the system of communication a lot and with these modern technologies, the boundaries across the countries and time are no longer becomes a matter to us. However, when our life turn out to be more easier and faster, some of us would often violate the purpose of these facilities as it bring disaster towards one’s life when they involve with the popular culture that exists in today’s fashion, music, games, etc. It is not an issue if those are used in a positive and correct ways, but to some extent people used them to get access to pornography and many other related issue which is sometimes can abuse the role of man as a vicegerent in this earth. It will also lead to numerous types of social problems and this natural process that happened should not be look upon lightly, hence urgent action need to be taken strictly and serious to overcome this new challenges. When dealing with the rising trend of pornification of culture across the world today, people from all cultural backgrounds including parents are very concerns towards their children particularly girls. We are facing a serious issue of increasing influences from popular culture and celebrity which sometimes portrays bad role models towards children as they are not matured enough to consider which is good to follow and which is bad to avoid. Some people in the west, for example, are extremely worried about the increasing pornographic elements in children’s fashion (Feiler, 2013). The way fashion designers intend to create new fashions among children and teenagers is as if they would like them to expose themselves with sexualisation through the various types of clothes and pants which every parent are worried about. The hardest part is when the children are always rebel against their own parents because those fashions are become common and usual to them. Even the west are fear with this rising issue, what more if we are Muslims. Both the Muslims and non-Muslims today are beginning to realize that they have to work together to deal with this complex challenges. The concern is not just only towards the children’s fashion. Recently, Muslims and non-Muslims in Canada were united to join effort in protesting against the proposed plan to ban the wearing of religious garments that reflects the identity of their own religion. This shows that many people around the world understand the importance of religion in a modern world (New Straits Time, 2013). The probability of both sides working together may involve the role of religion in everyday life. The need to defend their own identity has urged them to be united so that everyone has rights to voice out their concern about religion. Discussing on the religion, nowadays, people begin to accept the true practice of life and return back to their own faith because they tend to become conscious the need of religion in their life to guide them along straight path. Teenagers particularly becomes attracted towards Islam because of the increasing number of young Imams who are able to preach the teaching of Islam and at the same time follow their lifestyle which is in conforms to the way of life of the teenagers. Even though Islam in America today still remains a minority religion, many people have realized the proper religious teaching to their children in order to encounter the problems among youths today (New Straits Time, 2013). The importance of having young Imams in the society is crucial at this time in order to prevent the decline of morality among teen and guide them if they have gone astray and involve with social problems. Their roles are needed because sometimes the nurture from parents are not enough as they are always busy with works and from the teaching of these Imams, it also helps to provide with mental along with spiritual aspect of life. Not only that, women nowadays also begins to involve with the society as they starting to realize that women in their societies are the key to solving serious social and moral problems like teenage pregnancies, alcoholism and religious extremism (Shulman, 2012). We cannot deny that the role of women these days are also as significant as the role of man because the women is needed to encounter problems faced by most of the girls teen and women adults as the approach of women to women gives more comfort. Besides, they also feel like this is the time to bring back the dignity of women and elevate their status in society so that women will not be oppressed easily by man and their justice should also be preserved. This is one of the ways in order to help solving the problems involving teenagers which become serious with the issue of pornification of culture. In one of the Western countries, the issues of alcoholism have achieved the alert stage in which actions should be taken immediately. The consumption of alcohol or known as binge-drinking in Britain had risen the expenses related to health and also caused rising levels of death and diseases (The Star, 2012). As we already know, alcohol is one of the major cause for the social problems today because it can makes people drunk and they are not realize of what they are doing. Thus, from alcohol drinking only, people can involve in prostitution, pregnancy, rape, murder and etc. which is very common issue that we heard lately. Everyone involving the government should begin to do something and taken several steps to reduce the consumption of alcohol so that the major illness among teenagers will slowly decrease. It is also becomes everyone’s role in order to help reducing the problems slowly so that the problems in the society will not be prolonged to the future.

Introduction to the Importance of Diversity and Culture

Elements of culture Schwartz and Conley (2000) are of the opinion that all cultures have a history and a heritage which is passed from one generation to another. Cultures are identifiable because they share certain characteristics. People within a given cultural group have a way of telling between members and non-members. Members share a common language through which cultural interactions take place, certain group values are shared, and various social and behavioural patterns are followed.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Introduction to the Importance of Diversity and Culture specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Members follow special rules of etiquette when communicating with others, introducing themselves to strangers, getting someone’s attention and leave-taking. One’s culture certainly provides an important part of the context in which decisions are made, but it may be argued that culture doesn†™t in itself ‘determine† any specific behaviours. Members of each culture also have their own unique slang expressions and figures of speech. Diversity fortifies human species and adds threads to the tapestry of human lives. It exponentially increases the possibilities for progress and positive change in the world because rather than seeing from only one perspective, it allows us to see from many. According to Schwartz Conley (2000), the human would be sadly diminished if the music of the universe consisted of only one note. The authors assert that we would be even more sadly diminished if human beings were free of differences. The author advocates for respecting and celebrating differences rather than tolerating it. Only by respecting and honouring the differences of others can we preserve our own. Respect of Diversity A child will appreciate diversity if he is in an environment where individual differences are noted and treated with respect. In working with children , one will need to be a good model so as to avoid the children developing negative attitudes and feelings of discomfort. A display of respect and comfort is crucial when working with children. Children usually follow the lead when they their model interacting with everyone in a respectful manner and also appearing comfortable in those interactions. When dealing with children, it is important not to worry about what other people may or may not be thinking. It is good to be open when interacting with people from different diversities without fear. Communicating with diverse people may in no way compromise your identity. It is also important to stop someone who is ridiculing or joking about people who are different. By avoiding the discussion, you give the impression that you do not condone such negative behaviour. It is important to also tell children about differences. Consequently, it is important to encourage children to ask questions. Giving them the correct information in matter of fact manner will make them realize that being different is not mysterious or something to be feared. It is crucial to use common, everyday vocabulary and also be yourself when dealing diverse people (Schwartz Conley, 2000).Advertising Looking for essay on cultural studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Risk Factors According to Schwartz and Conley (2000), home life and parental involvement are crucial to a child’s performance in school. Sergio lacks a supportive home life since he is living in a home with one parent who is working full time and has little time for his needs. Apart from lack of parental involvement in his life, other risks that might affect Sergio’s academic life include; death of parent (his father), being home alone for more than three hours, and use of drugs or alcohol. Sergio might even hurt himself in the house. The loss of his father might be affecting him but because the mother is not available, this hurt might not be easily recognised. All this risks have a potential to impact negatively on his school performance. Because the mother is not involved, this might affect the child’s social skills at school and ultimately his academic performance. Loneliness might tempt him to start experimenting with drugs and alcohol. The child also might be affected by improper content from the television and internet if he has unsupervised access to computers and television. There are other risks that face Sergio such as abuse, abduction, and personal accidents. The boy might also get into bad company (Schwartz Conley, 2000). Diverse Learning Styles Children do not learn the same way. Teaching children about a subject such as deer habitats may require use of different teaching methods. One important way may be to read them a book on the topic. The advantage of this method is that a good book will not only contain the thoughts and experiences of the author about the subje ct, but will also include reference to works of other people about the subject. Watching a film which shows deer habitats is also an important way of teaching. Visual aids such as films have the benefit of cutting through the barrier of different diversities and allowing equal understanding of the subject. Surfing the web to get information about deer habitat is also an important way of teaching children. The advantage of the web is because of the availability of the latest information regarding the subject area. The internet also offers the convenience of quick accessibility and retrieval of information provided there is internet connection. Another teaching method would be to put the children in group works where they could participate in research and discussion of the topic and then present their findings in class. This method has the advantage of engaging the children in the search for information and making them own the learning process (Schwartz Conley, 2000). Reference Schwa rtz, E.S. Conley, A.C. (2000). Human Diversity: A Guide to Understanding, New York: McGraw-HillAdvertising We will write a custom essay sample on Introduction to the Importance of Diversity and Culture specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This essay on Introduction to the Importance of Diversity and Culture was written and submitted by user Valentin Kerr to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Death of a Spy Satellite Program Informative Essay Sample

Death of a Spy Satellite Program Informative Essay Sample affiliations and objectives.

Organizational Vision and Visionary Organizations Essay

Organizational Vision and Visionary Organizations - Essay Example Therefore it is true to state that vision is strategic, has a long term and lasting effect, remains there in a lengthy notion and must not change in tactical moves and directions that are adopted by the business organizations every now and then. Planning can help a particular company gain so much in accordance with its goals and objectives that had been planned and drafted but in the current times more and more attention and emphasis is making the rounds of the discussion as to whether these plans can actually deliver what was expected of them in the first place. A visionary organization would look to set its objectives in a manner which would be strategically placed and the aims within the working domains would center on relieving the short term gains for the long term benefits. A visionary organization looks at plugging the gaps that are present amongst the different departments of the business organization so that the eventual results in the form of different processes, activities and undertakings on the part of the organization are distinctive from that of its competitors and unique in its own righteous way. A visionary organization would aim to reach the top in the specified period of time since it has to be answerable to its own people, the stakeholders and more than anything else, it has to maintain its credibility of being a true player within the industry. A visionary organization takes care of the upper tier, the middle management (also known as the knowledge management) as well as the lower levels within the organization and thus sets a vision which works to the best effect of one and all within the business organization. It takes input from the stakeholders who have invested their resources in the form of time and money towards the betterment of the business organization in the first place. Lastly, this organization places a great deal of emphasis on the way customers perceive the activities of the business as well.

Oprah Winfrey Talk Show Furror Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Oprah Winfrey Talk Show Furror - Essay Example The talk shows like any other new television genre were an assortment of old programming forms; many of them were aired at daytime. They were mostly geared towards women issues and their roots can be traced back to Arthur Godfrey and Art Linkletter. The shows also reflected their times; Phil Donahue daytime talk show began at the inception of the women’s movement. He tackled women’s issues such as artificial insemination, sexism and homosexuality and was capable of breaking the barrier between the host and the audience. However, his popularity dwindled when Oprah Winfrey began her show in 1983. Use of therapeutic sensibility gave her an advantage over Donahue. The style used by Oprah was unique; she focused on revealing problems, improvement of self-esteem, use of empathy as a cure and empowering women. She wept openly, hugged guests, and said goodbye to each of the member of the studio audience in person. She was able to walk in between the races (cultural bilingualism) thus she was capable of having a coalition of audiences. Imitators of Oprah emerged as her success became evident and they employed similar skills as hers; even Donahue was tackling similar topics like Oprah’s. A survey done on the talk shows by Michigan State University Researchers revealed similar characteristics in all the talk shows. There was a feeling of little attention and credit among the supporters of these shows for their contribution in neglected matters such as family dysfunction and race. The shows were characterized by traditional values and conventional view of morality; a show heavily influenced by empathy for victims. Political influence in these shows cannot be ignored. Clinton appeared in Donahue in a talk-show presidency during the 1992 campaigns; a similar talk-show was done with H. Ross Perot and George Bush in the same year. The key point of these shows was to persuade the victims/audience to feel their pain as a

Art And Hyper Reality In Animation How Have Things Changed Film Essay

Art And Hyper Reality In Animation How Have Things Changed Film Essay Introduction In this dissertation I will be posing the question Art and hyper reality in animation and how have things changed? A lot of commercial animation today is being pushed by 3D computer technology and the audience perceptions of the true meaning of animation had been clouded by this new era of animated film. I want to find out about the commercial acceptance of animation and the history behind it. This is an interesting subject area because a lot has changed in the past 50 years in terms of animation and moving image. I will be finding out how recent technological advancements in creating realistic looking visuals has effected how we perceive animation and if it has retracted from the original statement that animation is an art form. Recent commercial animation being produced is full of realistic 3D computer graphics therefore moving away from the more traditional 2D animation process. I want to find out why using a sense of visual realism in animation has become the norm. By looking at a range of hyper realistic animation such as Final Fantasy I will be able to find out why they have become so accepted and how the modern audience have adapted their tastes to this new form of representation in cinema. Modernism and post-modernism movements were very powerful in the art world and I want to see how breaking away from a certain way of working brings a new wave of creation, this chapter can be applied to animation in the way that animation has broken away from using pencils and now rely heavily on computer technology. I will also be looking into animators that were the pioneers of the animated form and what they were trying to achieve in the early stages of this emerging medium. These early animators were seen as being experimental because they were the first people that were doing this kind of work. Also by looking into Disney and the way he managed to commercialise animation will give clues as to how 3D computer animation has done the same thing with the likes of Pixar. Audience trends play a big role into finding out about commercialisation and how society/ culture can affect certain trends. By looking into the re-invention of cinema and its audiences I will be able to find out how these factors have changed how people perceive art in cinema. I will then summarise what I have learnt from doing this dissertation and answer my title question in relation to the chapters I have discussed. Contents Reality effects in computer animation. My first chapter will be discussing reality effects in computer animation. I will be referencing an article by Lev Manovich and reviewing the content in this chapter. This article is relevant to the title question because it looks at how technology has affected the process of making realistic looking visuals. This chapter will help me to understand how visual realistic imagery has advanced and why 3D visuals are superseding traditional ways of working. I will also be mentioning and talking about some animated films which use computer technology and how they have helped push the boundaries of what can be achieved by using this technology. Animation and its progression to commercialism My second chapter will be looking into experimental animation which will discuss the reason why animation visuals dont have to make sense to still be true to the animated form. Experimental animation is a genre in itself and I will be looking at why new audiences want to see visually realistic imagery over an abstract film. I will also be discussing how Walt Disney commercialised animation and how this has changed the audiences perception of animation. This chapter will create a contrast between the first chapter and show just how different these animated practices are. Modern and post-modern movements My third chapter will be talking about the modern and post-modern movements and finding where animation fits into them. This will be interesting to look into because these movements can be applied to what is happening now such as cinema breaking away from more traditional 2D animation to 3D hyper realistic animation. Modern Audience in relation to animation My fourth chapter will be looking into audience trends in the cinema. This will help me to understand why audiences are becoming more and more comfortable with being exposed to computer generated imagery when 20 years ago the industry was more interested in traditional 2D and stop motion imagery. Conclusion My final chapter will be concluding what I have studied in this dissertation and answering the title question. Chapter 1: Reality Effects in Computer Animation I will be reviewing the article, Reality Effects in Computer Animation by Lev Manovich, which is from Jayne Pillings book A Reader In Animation Studies London 1998. Lev Manovich is an author of new media books and a professor of Visual Arts, University of California, San Diego, U.S. where he teaches new media art and theory. I will also be discussing what methods animators go through to achieve a sense of realism. The purpose of the article is to identify how reality in animation and cinema first developed and how different levels of realism have affected these industries. The title question is important because the rapid growth of cinematic and computer technology is constantly changing the advances in reproducing reality. Therefore it is interesting to find out how other practitioners have identified the term realism and the impact their thoughts have had in defining the purpose of reality in computer animation. The main points I will be discussing in this review will be the compar isons between early attempts of realism and three dimensional computer graphics. I will also be discussing how the developments of new technology have further enhanced realism in regards to computer animation and cinema. This article starts with outlining the early discoveries of recreating the human form in a visual output such as paintings. Giotto di Bondone (an Italian painter) has been mentioned as being the first person to produce three-dimensional forms on a flat surface. He has been compared with his mentor Cenni di Pepo or also known as Cimabue who was also an Italian painter. Cimabues work in comparison with three-dimensional computer imagery is mentioned as having a more 2D look unlike Giotto whose work achieves a stronger 3D effect. This comparison is relevant to the realism debate because Giotto has been considered as the first great artist of the Italian Renaissance, which was a turning point in art history and the incorporation of realistic techniques. The article then goes on to say that A Renaissance painting and a computer image employ the same technique (a set of consistent depth cues) to create an illusion of space, existent or imaginary. However the difference between the mediums is that a viewer can now experience moving around a simulated three-dimensional space, which isnt possible with a painting. To then approach the problems of realism in three-dimensional computer animation Lev starts by looking at the arguments that have advanced in film theory in regards to cinematic realism. This is a good avenue to look down because a lot of computer animation is being incorporated into live-action films these days so a better understanding of cinema realism will further enhance the importance of reality effects in computer animation. However I think the incorporation of the Italian painters as a comparison to computer generated imagery is a bit dated and it would be beneficial if more modern examples were shown as computer animation is seen as a modern art form and it has only really been around since the 1950s. Technology has played a big part in making computer graphics look realistic and Lev had covered this topic in some detail. The term mimesis has been brought up in this section because the modern technology of cinema has been seen in Andrà © Basins eyes as being a realisation of this ancient myth. Mimesis is a critical and philosophical term that carries a wide range of meanings which include imitation, representation, mimicry, similarity and the art of resembling. Therefore mimesis can be related back to reality because the term explains certain factors that affect a realistic outcome such as the art of resembling. For example resemblance can also mean similarity, which is what commercial computer animation tries to recreate, taking a look at real life and recreating it in a virtual world. Manovich states each new technological development (e.g. sound, panchromatic stock, colour) points to the viewers just how un-realistic the previous image was and reminds them that the present ima ge, even though more realistic, will be superseded in the future- thus constantly sustaining the state of disavowal. So by something that is believed to be realistic at a certain period in time will soon become out-dated because technology is rapidly evolving, therefore the notion of never being able to recreate reality in regards to computer animation is an interesting concept and ideology. In terms of animation software Lev then goes on to say. New algorithms to produce new effects are constantly being developed. To stay competitive, a company has to quickly incorporate the new software into their offerings. The animations are designed to show off the latest algorithm. This statement backs up the technological advances in realistic looking computer graphics and can also explain how computer imagery is becoming ever more impressive and pioneering than the previous production. There are different levels of realism for example in animation practice the art of walk cycles display a realistic quality but they will never capture the true essence of the human form compared to live action. Whether a 3D character is walking, running or jumping, it is difficult to recreate a realistic sense of movement when working frame-by-frame. Footage created with frame-by-frame photography in 3D animation lacks the motion blur that occurs naturally when a figure moves in real time before a live action camera. So certain techniques that can be achieved using a computer that can control the motion and add a blur effect to create a realistic sense of movement. Rotoscoping is a technique that allows animators to trace over live action film one frame at a time therefore creating flawless movements and realism to any character or object. However this process is in a way cheating because no one is animating the movements but instead just tracing over and copying the movements that are already there, therefore loosing the skill and style of an animator. Human movements can also be captured by using a technique called motion capture. This technique uses sensors to record the movement of an object in live action, motion capture is a computer driven animation system which allows a director to rehearse and direct the movements of a three-dimensional character. Almost all 3D animation is shot horizontally on a set of some kind just like live action film whereas 2D is generally recorded from a camera placed overhead (vertically). The use of sets for 3D animation makes it possible to get a number of angles whilst filming the action, this way of filming can create a sense of realism to the audience. For example the use of these cinematic angles that are also used in live action film could make the audience believe that they ar e watching something real because the same shots are used in films when capturing real life actors. Jan Svankmajers Alice shot his live action/animation film at full scale placing his live actress and animated characters within what appears to be real rooms, or outside on a rocky terrain. The way in which this film was shot makes it realistic because of the mixture of a live action actress and animated real life objects such as the stuffed rabbit toy. Realism in animation can be good because the audience can relate to what they see and can almost gain comfort from what they know; such as the animated film Bolt where the dogs characteristics are so life like and realistic that you could imagine seeing this dog in real life. Final Fantasy the spirits within was a groundbreaking film at the time because of its hyper-realistic look. Roger Ebert was a strong advocate of the film; he gave it 3 ½ stars out of 4, praising it as a technical milestone while conceding that its nuts and bolts story lacked the intelligence and daring of, say, Steven Spielbergs A.I.. He noted that while he did not once feel convinced Aki Ross was an actual human being she was lifelike, stating her creators dare us to admire their craft. Ebert expressed a desire for the film to succeed in hopes of seeing more films made in its image, though he was sceptical of its ability to be accepted in the wider audience. This happened to be the case as the box office figures for Final Fantasy strongly indicate a lack of positive reaction from audiences, a fact further supported by the overwhelmingly poor response from film critics. To summarise, the terms reality and realism play a big part in computer animation because people are endlessly re-duplicating the visible so that the viewer can relate to the imagery and be impressed by what can be achieved using these technologies. Therefore the role of realism will always be apparent and a defining factor in computer animation. With the accessibility of the internet, freelance artists are constantly out-doing each other which is also driving the production of reality effects and advancements in technology. The article as a whole has shown me that reality in computer animation is a competitive business and that the technologies used to create these effects werent originally designed for entertainment purposes. I have found that not every theorist such as David Bordwell and Andrà © Bazin share the same views or opinions so it becomes difficult to get a true definition or the sense of a certain ideology. The possibilities of recreating reality effects in computer animation are endless because using 3D effects in cinema is becoming the norm almost. Moreover the demand for incredible effects and imaginative imagery is becoming more apparent every year because film makers know that this is what the audience wants to see. Also with the abundance of new technology, computerised imagery is becoming easier to create. Chapter 2: Animation and its progression to commercialism In the beginning all animation was experimental. Experimental animation can be seen as one of the realist form of animation because it is not trying to conform to a certain genre or ideology but rather lean towards an experimental, more abstract or random approach to what is being displayed. Film historian William Moritz quotes: No animation film that is not non-objective and/ or non- linear can really qualify as true animation, since the conventional linear representational story has long since been far better done in live-action. Here Moritz defines what may be regarded as a purist view of what properly constitutes as true animation. He is suggesting that the animated form is best shown when the concentration is purely on using, developing and experimenting with the unique vocabulary which is available only in animation. The freedom of animation has allowed certain animators and artists not to find appropriate means by which they express their vision, but to further progress the medium. Moreover the reason to push the boundaries of what an animator is doing makes an experimental piece truly experimental. Abstraction goes hand in hand with experimental animation because something being abstract can exist with a degree of independence from visual references in the world. Animators which pioneered this new animated art form such as Emile Cohl, Stuart Blackton and Windsor McCay used very basic ways of working mainly due to the fact that they didnt know any better or the technology wasnt available to them. Artists such as Jules Engel who began his animation career working on Disneys Fantasia and UPA cartoons refers to experimental animation as fine art animation because he sees his way of working as more of an art form rather than a commercialized commodity. There were animators that wanted commercial success for the fact that they wanted animation to be seen by everyone. Stuart Blacktons trick film, The Haunted Hotel further enhanced the view that the animated short mig ht become more commercially viable. Walt Disney was the man who broke away from experimental animation and brought a new era of animated film into the commercial limelight. Disney was the first to produce an animated feature-length film called Snow White. Critics however dubbed the project Disneys Folly and were certain that the project would destroy the Disney Studio. Walt used the Silly Symphonies as a platform for experiments in realistic human animation, distinctive character animation, special effects, and the use of specialized processes and apparatus such as the multiplane camera. Walts drive to perfect the art of animation was endless. Technicolor was introduced to animation during the production of his Silly Symphonies Cartoon Features. Walt Disney held the patent for Technicolor for two years, allowing him to make the only colour cartoons. This further held his grip on the animation industry at the time. Disney played an active role in behind the scenes in World War II. He was asked to create training and ins tructional films for the military, home-front morale-boosting shorts such as Der Fuehrers Face and the feature film Victory Through Air Power in 1943. It is clear that in the post-war period in America, Disney started to integrate himself into the world of politics. Disney was the founding member of the anti-communist Motion Picture Alliance for the Preservation of American Ideals. However Disney was not an aggressive person and kept very reserved    in 1947, during the early years of the Cold War. Disney testified before the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC), where he branded Herbert Sorrell, David Hilberman and William Pomerance, former animators and labor union organizers, as Communist agitators. This was the start of Disney becoming a global brand and ultimately being boosted into the commercial spotlight. The development of Disney Land and Disney World soon rocketed Disneys success; these amusement parks especially in their early stages were Disneys personal proje cts. A pitch kit which was prepared for visitors to read when they enter through an entrance describes Disneyland in detail. The idea of Disneyland is a simple one. It will be a place for people to find happiness and knowledge. It will be a place for parents and children to share pleasant times in one anothers company, a place for teacher and pupils to discover greater ways of nostalgia of days gone by, and the younger generation can savor the challenge of the future. Here will be the wonders of nature and man for all to see and understand. This description of Disneyland also applies to everything that Disney represents and this is how his animation has skyrocketed into the mainstream by the fact that it is so universally appealing to all races and cultures. Pixar is an animation company that focuses on using computer generated imagery in their films. Pixar has gone from strength to strength because of their use of likable characters, engaging stories and visual aesthetics. You could compare Pixars recent success with how Disney first started. In the early 90s computer graphics, especially in commercial work was primarily used to create effects such as flying logos and morphing. Pixar settled into a niche by using computer animation to create character animation which very few studios at the time were doing. Most of the animators who started in Pixar used to work at Disney and in the spring of 1991, Pixar and Disney signed a co-production agreement for three pictures. So going back full circle, Disney was still at the forefront of the next revolution in animation. Toy Story was the first Disney/ Pixar film to be made and was released on November 22nd 1995. It became a phenomenon and ended up as the top grossing film of the year, as well as one of the best reviewed. Toy story was the first feature film to be entirely made using CGI which made people realize that using computers to create animation was a viable way of working. Soon after this revolution in computer animation, we soon start to see popular live action directors such as Steven Spielberg and James Cameron using this new medium in their films to create special effects. Working with this technology is cheaper than the old fashioned ways of working such as creating elaborate sets or real life explosions. CGI allows film makers to create the unimaginable and impossible because the only limitations of what can be achieved rests within our own imaginations. Moreover this allows certain films to have that wow factor that cinema audiences crave in a film. As technology has moved on many amateur film makers can also work with CGI because of affordable animation and compositing software, furthermore pushing the boundaries and the potential of what can be achieved with this relatively new medium. Traditional ways of working such as using animation cels and ink in an animated film have been shunned out in favour of CGI graphics. However many daytime cartoons such as Spongebob square pants are still made using these methods. Cartoons in the Golden Age of Hollywood animation were normally created in-house whereas nowadays cel animation is shipped off overseas to places such as Korea because they can be produced more cheaply. This then strips the amount of artistic talent and personalisation of the cartoon because of the mass production side of things. In the 1950s animators such as Tex Avery made cartoons to make people laugh, his mentality towards his cartoons was to think in gags and hold no restrictions to his drawings. Therefore the cartoons became a lot more personal. From watching some of Tex Averys animated cartoons we cant help but notice the amount of limited animation such as the holding of certain frames and gags. However this was a common occurrence from animations i n that time period. Blitz Wolf is an animation based upon Adolf Hitler; it is a brilliant piece of animation as well as a wonderful example of propaganda in wartime. In the short the wolfs car features a logo Der fewer (der better) brilliant in its simplicity. When the wolf steps outside with a leering face he watches the audience and shows a sign saying Go ahead and hiss, who cares a very good representation of Hitlers insolence before the war when he made some despicable acts that he didnt care were going to affect his international reputation. Tex a has a non-realist approach to animation because his cartoons encouraged animators to stretch the boundaries of the medium and do things in a cartoon that would not be possible in the world of live-action film. For example a scene in Dumb Hounded shows the wolf running down a flight of stairs at an impossible speed then enters a car before travelling around the world to get away from Droopy. Also in The Early Bird Dood It there is a sc ene where the chicken is chasing the worm with a wooden bat, soon after the chicken is staring a cat in the face and his wooden bat turns all floppy. A quoted line from Averys cartoons was, In a cartoon you can do anything, and his cartoons repeatedly did just that. In 2009 The Princess and the Frog was released by Disney. This film used traditional 2D hand drawn techniques mixed with digital drawn aspects such as the backgrounds and effects. This film showed that traditional 2D animation can still be achieved and still capture the attention and imagination of a modern audience, the film with its universal rating appealed to all ages. Chapter 3: Is Animation Seen As A Modernist Or Post-Modernist Art Form? Modernism and Post-modernism are two subjects that are constantly being discussed in the art world. For me to answer the title question thoroughly and informatively I must first address the main factors of this chapter, Modernism and Post-modernism. I will be discussing the history of Modernism, how the movement started and how it affected the art world. This will allow me to understand how to tackle the question for this chapter. I will be also be discussing the same points in relation to Post-modernism. After looking into these movements I will conclude my findings and incorporate my own personal opinions and thoughts about what I have found in my research. Looking into the history of animation will also be beneficial because this art form is an integral part of this chapter and dissertation. After gaining a better understanding of these movements I will be able to answer the question is animation is a modernist or post-modernist art form? Modern as a historical art term, refers to a period in history that dates roughly from the 1860s through the 1970s and is used to describe the style and the ideology of art produced during that era. The term Modernism is also used to refer to the art of the modern period and philosophy of Modern Art. The Modernist movement first emerged in 1862 and 1863 when the painting Le dà ©jeuner sur lherbe, which is French for The Lunch On The Grass; was created by Édouard Manet. This particular piece of art sparked controversy even to this day because it displayed nude women around fully clothed men, which was seen as indecent behaviour and a taboo subject in the time it was painted. Manet deliberately chose a large canvas size which were normally reserved for grander subjects therefore he broke the academic traditions of the time. But the question can be posed: Why did Manet paint Le Dà ©jeuner sur lherbe? My answer would be because he was interested in exploring new subject matter, new painting ideologies, and new ways of thinking. Therefore he rebelled against the conventional subject matters that were common in this period of history and adopted the new found modernist approach. The Modernist movement can be seen as a socially progressive trend of thought that encouraged human beings to create improve upon and redefine their environment with the help of experimentation, technology and an open mind with no boundaries. Avant-garde was the term given rather than Modernism at first, this term remained to describe the movements that identify themselves as attempting to overthrow or reinvent some aspect of tradition. The English dictionary refers the term Avant-garde as writers, artists, filmmakers, or musicians whose work is innovative, experimental, or unconventional and is considered as a group. I have included this dictionary reference to see if the term is described in the same way as the art world interprets it, because in some instances the true meaning and no tion of the word can be misrepresented. By 1930, Modernism had entered popular culture which sparked an influx in artistic movements. Abstract Expressionism, Minimalism, Dadaism and Pop art are a few movements that appeared throughout the 20th century. As Modernism started to flourish through the consumer/capitalist societies it soon entered mainstream popular culture which was the main factor the movement rejected in the first place. Therefore the movement had become so institutionalised that it was seen as post avant-garde and soon adopted the term Post-Modern. However for others such as art critic Robert Hughes they refer to post-modernism as being an extension of modernism. The postmodernist movement began in America around the 1960s-1970s and then it spread to Europe and the rest of the world, this movement is still present today. Post-modernism is used in a confusing variety of ways. For some it means anti-modern; for others it means the revision of modernist ideologies. The term Post signifies a historical sequencing in which a previous state of affairs is outdated, therefore functioning in the first instance as a period defining term. Postmodernism in its simple form means after the modernist movement while the term modern refers to something related with the present. What people first thought was modern and modernistic, others were dissatisfied with what they saw because of the way Modernism has evolved therefore leading to a Postmodernist movement. Post-modernism was primarily a reaction to Modernism because the Modernist movement was seen as fraudulent and contradicting. This movement began with architecture, as a reactionary movement against the so-called blandness and conventionalisation present in the modernist movement. Architects werent interested in creating perfect buildings that conformed to certain social rules. Instead architects such as Michael Graves took it upon themselves to favour personal preferences over popular culture therefore creating a post modernist structure. Postmodernists felt the buildings failed to meet the human need for comfort both for body and for the eye. Modernism did not account for the desire for beauty. The post-modern philosophy is distinguished by factors such as criticism, scepticism and subjectivity. In my opinion from looking at my research I would class post-modernism as having the same ideologies as the modernist movement as in wanting to break away from the conventional and mainstream. Moreover post-modernism was breaking away from the now mainstream movement Modernism therefore creating a new movement altogether, Post-modernism. Animation has been around since the turn of the 20th century when filmmakers such as J. Stuart Blackton made the first animated film called Humorous phases of funny faces. Blackton drew comical faces on a blackboard and filmed them. He would stop the film, erase one face to draw another, and then film the newly drawn face. The stop-motion provided an animated effect as the facial expressions changed before the viewers eyes. Humorous Phases of Funny Faces is regularly cited as the first true animated film, and Blackton is considered the first true animator. Animation is different from live action film in the sense that there are limitless amounts of possibilities that can be achieved because the only real boundary is the artists imagination rather than physical restraints. In the early 1900s animation was dominated by Disney productions such as Snow White, which marked the golden age of Hollywood animation. Through the 1950s animation became a lot more stylised and broke away from the mainstream Disney style. The animations in this period incorporated modern art aesthetics such as in the backgrounds and general stylisation of characters. As technology evolved the use of computers started to play a part in animation. For example artists were now able to reproduce shapes, characters and scenery digitally without the need for pencils and paper, therefore allowing the animator to watch their progression in real time instead of having to film each frame. After researching it could be said that early animation such as traditional hand drawn and stop motion are a modernist art form and that the incorporation of computers and 3D animation nowadays can be seen as being post-modern because it has broken away from the traditional ways of working. So is animation a modern or post-modern art form? From my research into both movements I can positively say that animation is a post-modernist art form. I have come to this conclusion based on the fact that cinema is a modernist art form and animation was developed as a new form of expression and creative output that broke away from the mainstream which was cinema at the time. By writing this chapter it has given me a better understanding of what art movements occurred during certain periods and the impact they created in society. My next question would be what movement is going to emerge next after post-modernism and what kind of creativity and ways of thinking are go

Equal But Different Essay -- essays research papers

For centuries blacks have suffered discrimination from the white society. They were thought to be uncivilized because of their dark skin color. Today, discrimination against skin color no longer exists legally in the United States. Public schools and workplaces are mixed with a variety colors and races from different countries. Though, it may seem that skin color doesn’t matter in society, the majority of society only make close friends or marry someone from their own race. Most of these feelings towards another of a different skin color are deeply rooted in our minds from previous generations. Their mentality prevents them from behaving the same. Difference in behavior from a multicolored society is evident in schools, in society, and in television. Most teenagers only hang around people from their own race. There is evidence of this in the school cafeteria. The cafeteria is split up in two parts. On one side, black teenagers eat with their same-colored friends. On the other side, whites and latinos sit separately in their own tables. Someone might say, â€Å"Well, that group sits apart from the other because they don’t speak the same language as the other group†. You mean to tell me that no black or latino can speak English. If skin color doesn’t matter then why doesn’t everyone sit together at lunch? When everyone is growing up they imagine themselves getting married to someone perfect with their skin-color. With a few exceptions, the majority of the population marries someo...

Kristen Cookie Company Essay

Yes. If Kristen and roommate can only do their own job, the max order(order by order) they can process is 8 orders a night. But if they can cross-training, would 1. Receive order print and reply Roommate 1 minute/order Mix ingredients Kristen 6 minutes /max 3trays Spooning cookies onto tray Kristen 2 minutes/tray Cookies in oven Roommate 10 minutes/tray Cool down cookies Roommate 5 minutes/tray Pack Roommate 2 minutes/tray Accept payment Roommate 1 minute/order 2. (1) Spooning cookies onto tray Cookies in oven (If receive a 2-dozens order) While Kristen is spooning cookies onto tray, the first tray she finished can send to roommate to put into oven. At the mean time, Kristen can spoon the second tray. (2) (If receive a 2-dozens order) While cooling down the first tray of cookies, roommate can put second tray into oven. (3) (If receive a 2-dozens order) After the first tray cool down, can pack directly. At the same time, second tray of cookies should be in the oven. 3. According to the answer of 1st question shown. So, amount of time to process a dozen of cookies is 27minutes (1+6+2+10+5+2+1=27) 4. (1) If Kristen proceed order by order, will be 8 orders of single dozen per night. 4 hours=240 minutes, 240/27=8.88 orders. (2) If Kristen and roommate can proceed different orders at the same time, that is 240minutes/45 minutes = 5.3 5.3x2orders =10.6, 10 orders be able to process more orders. Example shown below for 4hours performance of Kristen and roommate As the chart shown above, 4 hours of cross-training process can almost complete single dozen orders. 6. If Kristen and roommate still process order by order(process one order at one time), buying another oven can only reduce the baking time for 2-dozens order, 2-dozens order(time spend) complete orders in 4 hours one oven 1 + 6 + 2 + 10 + 10 + 5 + 2 + 1 = 37mins 6 two ovens 1 + 6 + 2 + 2 + 10 + 5 + 2 + 2 + 1 = 31mins 7 That’s mean, add another oven can only increase one more 2-dozens order. Therefore, buying another oven is not a good decision. 7. Question 3 is design to work from order to order, that is, Kristen and roommate have to (1) do their own job, and (2) can only process one order at a time. However, in real life, people will try hard to combine orders to save the time of process. 8. Without labor cost, the ingredients’ cost and the package cost are total $0.70. Assume that Kristen and her roommate both receive $10/hour as salary, and receive 15 orders per night. The total cost will be $90.5 per night, and $6.00 per pack of cookie. One pack of fresh cookies (daily made) sold in grocery store is about $3.00-5.00. We can assume that Kristen Cookies Company set their price at $6.00 pack. (Kristen and roommate only earn $10/hour/person as salary) Even though, the cookie Kristen Cookie Company provides is the freshest and most convenience for students. It is very hard to have extra profit. The significant problem that Kristen Cookie Company has is that *The producing process is not efficient. Because they are offering a customization service. If they can limit their product line into fewer categories They can switch their delivery system from â€Å"projects † to â€Å"job shop† .

Atom Model Theory - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 1984 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Physics Essay Type Essay any type Did you like this example? History of the model of the atom The atomic theory is developed since 2000 years ago the Greek philosopher Democritus proposed that there was a limit to how small one could be divide matter, this smallest matter indivisible particle was called atom. However this atomic theory of Democritus was criticized by Aristotle who proposed a model based on four basic elements of earth, air, fire and water. Aristotles view held for the next 2000 years as it better suited religious beliefs of the time. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Atom Model Theory" essay for you Create order In 1801, an English teacher named John Dalton proposed his atomic theory which stated matter is composed of all small indivisible atoms, elements contain one type of atom; different elements contain different atoms, compounds contain more than one type of atom. In 1904, British physicist J.J Thomson and others demonstrated that cathode rays (electrons) were present in all matter. Thomson proposed that the atom was a sphere of positive charge in which embedded were rings of negative charges (electrons) , like plums in a pudding. Lather on, in 19 century, the discoveries of radiation leads to a new progress of Physics. We knew that certain elements emitting radiation, this suggested that atoms are no longer indivisible and not indestructible, as proposed in Daltons atomic model. Radiation provides an important tool for the study of matter. In 1911, Rutherford first suggested the use of alpha particles to probe the internal structure of the atom. Finally, the nucleus and its pr otons were discovered. Rutherfords scattering experiment Ernest Rutherford, directed an experiment to Hans Geiger and Ernest Marsden in 1909, in which the newly discovered alpha particles (Helium nuclei) were fired at a thin gold foil layer which only a few atom thick. At that time the atom was thought to be analogous plum pudding by Thomson with a negative charge (the plum) throughout the positive sphere (the pudding). Most of the alpha particle passed through with no or only very small deflections in a vacuum (see figure), as would been excepted on the Thomson model of the atom current at the time. About 1 in 8000 was deflected through angles greater than 90 degree. The result was so unexpected that Rutherford was very unexpected that Rutherford was promoted to writeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.it was almost incredible as if you fired a 15 inch shell at a piece of tissue and it came back and hit you. Therefore Rutherford concluded that majority of the mass of the atom was concentrated in the nucleus. The small size of the nucleus explain ed the small number of the alpha particles that were repelled each other in this way. Rutherford showed that the size of the nucleus was less than about 10 -14m. Bohrs model, how it fit experimental observation Accelerated electrons emitted and lose energy which predicted by Predicted by Maxwell and confirmed by Hertz, however the electron doesnt spin into the nucleus because of energy losing. Later on, In 1903.H.G.J Morseley found simple, regular relationship between the frequencies of X-ray emission line, thus it provided an evidence to support Bohrs model. Scientist began to work on an alternating model to replace it. Bohrs postulates In 1913 the Danish physicist Niels Bohr (1885~1992), put forward some radical propositions to account for the discrepancies between Rutherfords model of the atom and the available experimental evidence. Bohrs postulates are 1. Electron can remove in certain allowed orbitsstationary states (energy) without radiating energy. 2.when an electron falls from a higher energy level to a lower energy level, it emits energy that is quantised by the plank relationship E2- E 1= hf. 3. Augular momentum (mvr) is quantised and can only take values of the nh / 2à Ã¢â€š ¬ when n is the principal quantum number. The first postulate account for the stability of the atom. However why the these stationary state excited was unknown. They exist was a fact. The second postulate explains the line emission spectra. Emission (or absorption) of Energy is discontinuous and corresponds to a transition between two stationary states. Since the energy can be quantized, the emission, the frequenc y of the emitted (or absorbed) radiation is predetermined. A transition between different states will lead to difference frequencies or colours. The third postulate effectively sets limits on the radius of the allowed orbits. Bohrs model Bohr realised that if his model was correct, each atom would have a spectral fingerprint to the differences between electron energy level in that atom. The Rydberg equation which also known as Balmer equation, has given him evidence for the quantised emission of the energy from hydrogen atom, leading him to going on to further his model and define his postulate. So the hydrogen spectrum was very significant to the development of Bohrs model of the atom, because without the understanding of it, Bohr may not continue his work of the model. Produced and observable when hydrogen gas was excited by the addition of energy. The equation in the original form was modified by Rhydberg until it worked and could be applied to explain the spectrum of hydrogen by using integer values of n, only as suggested by Bohr in his postulates. Quantum number and quantum changes Its possible to determine the energy of each orbit using Bohrs model and from this construct an energy level Figure for hydrogen. The figure below shows the energy these energy levels. Alternatively a transition between stationary states can be show in figure. B. The Balmer series of lines occurs when the electrons fall to the n=2 level from n=2 level n=3,4,5 and 6 levels. This is illustrated differently in figure. B. How Bohr describes the hydrogen spectra Bohrs model of the atom wad quite similar to that of Rutherfords with two important differences firstly, it assisted positions to the electrons, but secondly the electron energy level s were quantised. This was radically new, the idea that electrons had energy states and could absorb and emit energy to change states, and had no evidence. Bohr realised that if his model was correct, each atom would have a spectral fingerprint to the differences between electron energy level in that atom. The Rydberg equation provided him evidence for the quantised emission of the energy from hydrogen atom. It leads him to going on to further his model and defines his postulate. So the hydrogen spectrum was important to the development of Bohrs model of the atom. The energy levels describe by Bohr is clearly marked. According to Bohr, the Balmer series (shown on the bottom of the diagram as the hydrogen spectrum) was cause by changing energy levels, in the process releasing light. As sho wn, larger energy changes produce more energetic photons, as seen in Balmers series, as further, this diagram shows how the Balmer series is formed by successive electron transition to the 2ndshell (transition to other shell produce additional lines named after their discoveries.) This is a great achievement that the Bohr s model is able to provide a physical basis for the Balmer series formula. From his second postulate E f- Ei= hf. (i) states for initial energy level (f)states for final energy level Ei=1/ni2E1and Ef=1/nf2E1 hence: hf =1/ nf2E1-1/ ni2E1=(1/ nf2-1/ ni2) E1 And since c=fA=A=c/f the expression reduces to 1/A=E1/hcX(1/ nf2-1/ ni2) where R states for Rydbergs constant, RH(hydrogen)1.097X 107m-1. By using the mixture of classical physics and quantum physics, Bohr was able to define the equation for the spectral lines of hydrogen. He didnt know why the electrons obeyed his rules. These were purely empirical results. Problems with the model For all the success, the Bohr model of the atom had serious limitations: It and ad hoc mixture of classical and quantum physics; it allows some laws of the classical physics held and others did not. Hydrogen has only one electron, and Bohrs postulate are only able to explain it. It cant work fo r multi-electron atoms. It could not explain the relative intensities of the spectral line; some lines were more intense to the others and it was not known why this should occur. Certain spectral line were foun of a number of very fine and close lines and the cause of these hyperfine spectral lines could not be explained. The splitting of spectral lines when the sample was placed in a magnetic field (called the Zeeman effect, and discussed below) could also not be explained. The postulates faced a problem that it is suited for larger atom. Hydrogen is the simplest atom containing only one electron. Similarity He+and Li+have one electron. Bohrs model works with theses atom and ions . In all the other atoms however the electron interact with each other. In a larger atoms the outer electrons are shielded from the nucleus by the inner electrons. Interaction between electrons also result in different energy levels. The affect Bohrs model to the extent that the spectra of multiple electrons could not be explain. When the spectrum of the hydrogen was examined it was noted that the emission line varied in intensity. Some were quite intense and others were less intense; some were sharp and some were boarder. The following figure. illustrate these differences. Bohrs model could not explain these features but later it was explained that electron orbited in a ellipse and not in a circles. As the developing of the light spectroscopes improved it was found that some of the spectral lines were made up with hyperfine lines. This suggestion spitted Bohrs energy level theory; however there was no explanation for this. The Zeeman Effect Zeeman Effect occurred when a magnetic field us pass through a discharge tube. The magnetic field increased the hyperfine splitting of spectral lines, further breaking them up. As the limitation, Bohrs model was unable to explain the experimental evidence. In 1896 a Dutch physics Pieter Zeeman (1865-1943) found that when he placed a source of sodium light between the poles of a strong magnet the lines split into three or more. This could not explain by Bohrs model, The spectral line of some elements can even split to 15 lines. This is called the anomalous Zeeman effect. It cant be explain by that time, and it leads to the new developing of the model to explain it. This begin with the work of de Broglie. The following is the formal definition of Zeeman Effect: The splitting of single spectral lines of an emission or absorption spectrum of a substance into three or more components when the substance is placed in a magnetic field. The effect occurs when several electron orbi ts in the same shell, which normally have the same energy level, have different energies due to their different orientations in the magnetic field. A normal Zeeman Effectis observed when a spectral line of an atom splits into three lines under a magnetic field. Astronomers can use the Zeeman Effect to measure magnetic fields of stars. The following diagrams shows the normal spectral line and the Zeeman effect. References Textbooks 1. Excell HSC physics by Neville Warren published in 2007 2. Jacaranda Physics Second Edition published in 2004 3. Bohr and quantum theory by Paul Strathern in1998 4. Physics Spectrum by Peter H.Eastwell published by McGrathHill in 2000. Websites Ruthorford scattering experiment https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutherford_scattering last updated 19 July 2008 https://library.thinkquest.org/19662/high/eng/exp-rutherford.html Atomic structure discovered https://www.neoam.cc.ok.us/~rjones/Pages/online1014/chemistry/chapter_8/pages/atomic_structure_discover.html Figures Figure1.Demorcuris https://www.dl.ac.uk/TCS/Software/DL_POLY/ATTIC/DEMOCRITUS/Pictures/democritus.jpg Figure2. Aristotle https://www.bun.kyoto-u.ac.jp/phisci/Images/aristotle.jpg Figure3. John Dalton https://www.learner.org/channel/courses/essential/physicalsci/images/s4.dalton.jpg Figure4. J.J Thomsonhttps://www.wired.com/images/article/full/2008/04/jj_thompson_400px.jpg Figure5.Henri Becquerelhttps://www.mlahanas.de/Physics/Bios/images/HenriBecquerel.jpg Figure6. Ernest Rutherfordhttps://z.about.com/d/chemistry/1/0/n/T/rutherford1.jpg Figure7. Niels Bohrhttps://www.springtimepublishers.com/images/Niels_Bohr.jpg